Pressure Drop can be calculated using two values: the Reynolds Number, Re (determining laminar or turbulent flow), and the relative roughness of the piping. Low velocity will result in lower or no pressure drop. High flow velocities and / or high fluid viscosities result in a larger pressure drop across a section of pipe or a valve or elbow. A piping network containing a high relative roughness rating as well as many pipe fittings and joints, tube convergence, divergence, turns, surface roughness and other physical properties will affect the pressure drop. Pressure drop increases proportional to the frictional shear forces within the piping network. Any liquid or gas will always flow in the direction of least resistance (less pressure). The main determinants of resistance to fluid flow are fluid velocity through the pipe and fluid viscosity. The frictional forces are caused by the resistance to flow. Pressure drop occurs due to frictional forces acting on a fluid as it flows through the tube. Pressure drop is decrease in pressure from one point in a pipe or tube to another point downstream.
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